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What is Autism?
什麼是自閉症？
Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD or autism for short, is a neurodevelopmental, which means the development of the nervous system disability that affects social communication skills.
Symptoms can be mild or more severe and are present from a young age. Though sometimes symptoms do not become a problem until children are older.
Frequently, parents or teachers may become concerned about a child, if they are not showing good eye contact or have delays in speech skills. In older children, there may be a suspicion for autism, if the child has difficulty making friends or has ritualistic or repetitive behaviors.
自閉症譜系障礙或簡稱 ASD 或自閉症，是一種與生俱來的神經發展障礙, 以致在社交, 溝通, 認知, 情緒和行為方面都有不同程度的困難和發展差異。
每個人的症狀都不一，可以很輕微也可以很嚴重的，而有些症狀從小就會出現。有些症狀到孩子長大才逐漸明顯，影響生活。
在幼兒期，引起家長和老師的注意的症狀，普遍都是缺乏正常眼神交流或言語遲緩。而在比較年長的孩子中，他們的症狀都與難以結交朋友或不斷做重複性行為有關。
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Different between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Asperger syndrome?
自閉症譜系障礙和亞氏保加症的區別？
Asperger syndrome and Autism were very similar in diagnosis, and the major difference was whether a child has a speech delay when they were young. If they has a speech delay and the other symptoms of ASD , they they were given the diagnosis of Autism. If the child did not , then they were given the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. There were a few other diagnostic criteria , but this is the major difference.
亞氏保加症 (阿斯伯格綜合症)和自閉症在診斷上非常相似，主要區別在於孩子年輕時是否有語言延遲。 如果他們有語言延遲和 ASD 的其他症狀，他們就會被診斷為自閉症。如果孩子沒有，那麼他們就會被診斷為亞氏保加症 (阿斯伯格綜合症)，還有一些其他診斷標準，但這是主要區別。
Autism Spectrum Disorder requires deficits or abnormal function in two main categories : social communication and restricted repetitive patterns of behaviour interests or actives.
自閉症譜系障礙主要在兩個類別中遇到困難: 社交和限制重複行為及活動模式。
What are the Odds ?
自閉症發機率？
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Signs and Symptoms of ASD
自閉症的特徵
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Social communication / interaction behaviors may include :
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Making little or inconsistent eye contact
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Tending not to look at or listen to people
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Rarely sharing enjoyment of objects or activities by pointing or showing things to others
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Failing to, or being slow to, respond to someone calling their name or to other
社交溝通/互動行為可能包括：
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很少或不願意進行眼神交流
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傾向於不看和不聆聽別人的話
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很少和他人分享自己在進行的事物或活動
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當他人叫喚他的名字是表現比較遲鈍或沒有反應
Restrictive / repetitive behaviors may include :
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Repeating certain behaviors or having unusual behaviors. For example, repeating words or phrases, a behavior called echolalia
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Having a lasting intense interest in certain topics, such as numbers, details, or facts
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Having overly focused interests, such as with moving objects or parts of objects
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Getting upset by slight changes in a routine
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Being more or less sensitive than other people to sensory input, such as light, noise, clothing, or temperature
限制性/重複性行為可能包括：
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重複某些行為或有異常行為。例如，重複單詞或短語，這種行為稱為 echolalia
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對某些主題（例如數字、細節或事實）有持久的濃厚興趣
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過於專注的興趣，例如移動物體或物體的一部分
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因日常生活中的細微變化而心煩意亂
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其他人相比 ，對身邊事物比較敏感/或完全不敏感（例如光、噪音、衣服或溫度）
